Digitization in the Real World

Digitizing Civil Rights: An Omeka-based Pilot Digital Presence for the Queens College Civil Rights Archive

 The following chapter excerpt is from the first section of Digitization in the Real World; "Small is Beautiful: Planning and Implementing Digitization Projects with Limited Resources."  Download the entire chapter (PDF). or purchase online at Amazon.com.

View the collection here.

Authors

Valery Chen, Jing Si Feng, Kevin Schlottmann (Queens College, CUNY)

Abstract

The Queens College Civil Rights Archive of the Department of Special Collections partnered with the Queens College Graduate School of Library and Information Studies to create a pilot web presentation using the open-source Omeka platform.  Phase I of the project, conducted during the Spring 2010 semester, outlined a method for institutions of limited means to enter into the world of digitization using existing resources while highlighting the difficulties involved with metadata and IT support, and the advantages of involving graduate students. 

Introduction

In the spring of 2010, the Queens College Civil Rights Archive of the Department of Special Collections partnered with the Queens College Graduate School of Library and Information Studies to create a pilot web presentation using the open-source Omeka platform.  The synergy created between the technological skills found in the library school faculty and student body and the desire of the Civil Rights Archive to begin digitization of key holdings allowed the rapid creation of a powerful web presentation platform.  The process also outlined a method for institutions of limited means to enter into the world of digitization. 

Queens College Civil Rights Archive

The Civil Rights Archive of the Queens College Department of Special Collections and Archives collects published and unpublished works relating to civil rights activities such as personal papers, community materials, organizational records, non-print materials, and artifacts. It also conducts oral histories to supplement its collections. The archive is particularly strong in materials documenting civil rights work by Queens College students during the early 1960s.  The Archive seeks to provide evidences of the under-documented Northern involvement in the civil rights movement.

The Archive was founded in late 2008 around an estimable collection of personal papers donated by alumnus Mark Levy.  Since then almost a dozen other personal collections relating to civil rights work in the 1960s have been donated by College alumni, and the Archive continues to actively collect in this area. 

Queens College Graduate School of Library and Information Studies

The Queens College Graduate School of Library and Information Studies prepares library/information service professionals to meet the information and literacy needs of the New York metropolitan region and beyond. It is the only American Library Association accredited program for library and information studies within the City University of New York.  The school prepares graduates to serve a broad segment of the metropolitan area’s multicultural, multiethnic and multi-lingual population in a variety of institutional and informational settings. Through research, publication and other forms of scholarly activity, the school contributes and transmits new knowledge to society and the profession.  The faculty provides opportunities for students to attain the competencies needed to participate in the evolving electronic age by providing a technologically rich teaching/learning environment. 

Project Origin

The Queens College Department of Special Collections, wherein the Civil Rights Archive is located, was acutely aware of the need for its collections to have a digital presence.  It will soon be true that archival materials that are not electronically accessible in some way, whether via an OPAC or on website, will be no better served than in a dark archive.  Given the limited resources of an urban public university, the Department had been unable to secure sufficient financial and technological support for an independent digitization project.  Head of Special Collections Dr. Ben Alexander is also teaching in the Graduate School of Library and Information Studies, and he approached Dr. Kwong Bor Ng to discuss a mutually beneficial way to begin the process of building a digital presence.  Drs. Ng and Alexander decided to expand the Special Collections Fellowship program, which provides archival graduate students at Queens College with a broad range of professional archival experience, to include a technology component.  Dr. Ng selected two graduate students with extensive coding skills to do the actual work of creating an Omeka presentation website.  The hope was to create a mutually beneficial arrangement: under Dr. Ng’s supervision, the two graduate students were able to gain real-world experience in building an Omeka platform, while the Civil Rights Archive was able to lay sufficient groundwork to seek grant funding in support of a larger digitization project.

Download the entire chapter (PDF) or purchase online at Amazon.com.

 References

Center for History and New Media, George Mason University. (2010). Omeka: about. Retrieved from http://omeka.org/about/

Ebellempire. (2009). Adding Lightbox to Omeka. Retrieved from http://omeka.org/codex/Adding_LightBox_to_Omeka

Digital Library of Georgia. (2009). Welcome to the Civil Rights Digital Library. Retrieved from http://crdl.usg.edu/?Welcome

Graham, S. R. & Ross, D. D. (2003). Metadata and authority control in the Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive.  Journal of Internet Cataloging 6(10), 33-42.

NC ECHO. (2007).  North Carolina Dublin Core implementation guidelines.  Retrieved from http://www.ncecho.org/dig/ncdc2007.shtml

University of Southern Mississippi Special Collections. (2006). About the Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive.  Retrieved from http://www.lib.usm.edu/~spcol/crda/about.htm

University of Southern Mississippi Special Collections. (2006). Guidelines for digitization.  Retrieved from http://www.lib.usm.edu/~spcol/crda/guidelines/index.html

Digital Treasures: The Evolution of a Digital Repository in Massachusetts

The following chapter excerpt is from the fourth section of Digitization in the Real World; "One Plus One is Greater Than Two: Collaborative Projects."  Download the entire chapter (PDF) or purchase online at Amazon.com.

Authors

Dodie Gaudet (Central MA Regional Library Systems)
Kristi Chadwick (Central/Western MA Automated Resource Sharing System)
Jan Resnick (Western MA Regional Library System)

Abstract

Digital Treasures is a digital library collection of the history of central and western Massachusetts. It is a collaborative project among Central/Western MA Automated Resource Sharing System (C/W MARS), Central MA Regional Library System (CMRLS) and Western MA Regional Library System (WMRLS). Initiated by C/W MARS in 2006, Digital Treasures began as a pilot program when C/W MARS purchased equipment and software and set up a scanning lab at its headquarters in Worcester. Currently Digital Treasures has 36 collections from libraries, with over 1,300 accessible images. C/W MARS, CMRLS and WMRLS continue to collaborate on ways to bring funding, selection guidance and metadata expertise to their member libraries and bring access to the wealth of cultural history of the Commonwealth.

History and Background

In the early 1960s, three Regional Library Systems were formed in Massachusetts to provide a variety of services directly to the public libraries in the western, central, and eastern parts of the state. The services were (and still are) provided at no cost since the Regions are funded by the state. When automation began entering libraries some 20 years later, the WMRLS (Western Massachusetts Regional Library System, 2010) and CMRLS (Central Massachusetts Regional Library System, n.d.) were instrumental in helping to establish a fee-for-service automated network available to all types of libraries named Central/Western Massachusetts Automated Resource Sharing or C/W MARS (C/W MARS Inc, 2009).

In 1998, the Regional Library Systems became multi-type. All public libraries are automatically members of a Massachusetts Regional Library System (MRLS). All academic, school, and special libraries are eligible for membership if they meet basic qualifications. Any WMRLS or CMRLS member can join C/W MARS by paying the membership fees. Not all libraries choose to join C/W MARS: some are small and cannot afford the fees; others are larger, have their own network staff and prefer a stand-alone Integrated Library System. The number of libraries in WMRLS and CMRLS is larger than the number in C/W MARS. As of March 1, 2010 membership in the three organizations broke down as follows

	CMRLS	WMRLS	C/W MARS
Academics	17	19	11
Publics	72	103	130
Schools	120	164	2
Specials	26	25	4
Total	235	311	147

 With the imminent development of Digital Commonwealth, a state-wide portal and digital repository, CMRLS and C/W MARS were both interested in setting up a small lab so that libraries could begin scanning photos, documents and other items which could also be discovered via the state-wide portal. A Regional Library System and an automated network in the eastern part of the state had each purchased a scanner and offered instruction on its use, but few libraries took advantage of the opportunity. Considering this, C/W MARS proposed that one of its tech-savvy staff members who had an interest in digital photography be in charge of the lab and do the actual scanning if local library staff supplied the metadata. CMRLS had a cataloger on staff who could conduct workshops on Dublin Core and be available for metadata consultation. Since the offices of the two organizations are a mere seven miles apart, joining forces to support a single repository made the most sense and Digital Treasures (see Digital Treasure, 2009) was born.

 

Download the entire chapter (PDF) or purchase online at Amazon.com.

 References

C/W MARS Inc. (2009). Connecting libraries in Central and Western Massachusetts. Retrieved on May 2, 2010 from http://public.cwmars.org/

CDP Metadata Working Group. (2006). Dublin Core metadata best practices, version 2.2.1. Retrieved on March 31, 2010 from http://www.bcr.org/dps/cdp/best/dublin-core-bp.pdf

Central Massachusetts Regional Library System. (n.d.). Homepage. Retrieved on May 2, 2010 from http://www.cmrls.org/.

Digital treasures: A Central & Western Massachusetts digital library project. (2009). Retrieved on May 2, 2010 from http://dlib.cwmars.org/.

Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. (2008). DCMI metadata terms. Retrieved on March 31, 2010 from http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/

Open Archives Initiative (n.d.). Standards for web content interoperability. Retrieved on March 31, 2010 from http://www.openarchives.org/.

Western Massachusetts Regional Library System. (2010). Western Massachusetts Regional Library System - Libraries Cooperating Communicating Sharing. Retrieved on May 10, 2010 from http://www.wmrls.org/

Developing an Institutional Repository at Southern New Hampshire University: Year One

The following chapter excerpt is from the third section of Digitization in the Real World; "The Digital Campus: Digitization in Universities and Their Libraries."  Download the entire chapter (PDF) or purchase online at Amazon.com.

Author

Alice Platt (Southern New Hampshire University)

Abstract

In 2008, Southern New Hampshire University was awarded a three-year, $500,000 national leadership grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services to create a digital repository using DSpace open source software. Events from the first year of the repository’s development are presented and discussed. Key elements addressed include the challenges involved with customizing the DSpace infrastructure, creating standards for access and master files, implementing metadata standards, and developing digital preservation policies. The value of cross-departmental participation is shown, and the importance of planning for digital preservation is presented.

Introduction

In 2008, Southern New Hampshire University was awarded a three-year, $500,000 national leadership grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) to create a digital repository using DSpace open source software. The inspiration for the project was a collection of student theses and dissertations from the School of Community Economic Development (SCED). SCED is a unique program with participation from all over the world, particularly the United States and Tanzania, and also countries such as Uganda, Peru and the Philippines. Like many thesis collections, the projects were printed using consumer-grade equipment, and only one copy was bound and saved for the library. The international nature of the projects, in addition to the danger of losing them to deterioration, made them an attractive collection for beginning a digital repository. Faculty papers from the International Business program were also included in the grant project, to make papers once only accessible from a professor’s office available to the world.

Many institutions lack the financial and human resources to build a successful digitization program. The gap between resources available versus resources required can often be bridged by a grant; a search for IMLS grants from 2004-2008 using the keyword “digitization” shows that at least 57 IMLS grants were provided to libraries and museums for digitization projects (IMLS, 2009). Like most institutions, the repository at SNHU’s Shapiro Library could not have come to fruition without grant assistance.

The following pages share the Shapiro Library’s experiences during the first year of repository development.

The People Involved

Digitization programs need a strong level of organization and administrative support to succeed. Programs that only live within the walls of the library without buy-in from administration and other departments are at risk of failure for lack of support. The Shapiro Library’s digital repository is managed by a Digital Initiatives Librarian, who receives support from the Digital Content Specialist, two graduate assistants, and two cross-departmental committees: the Implementation Committee and the Policy Team.

The Digital Initiatives Librarian is responsible for managing the repository, including creation of metadata standards, scanning workflows, policy development, and quality control. The Digital Content Specialist creates descriptive keywords, and writes abstracts for the theses. Two graduate assistants were hired to execute the scanning, optical character recognition (OCR), and access file creation.

The Implementation Committee was initially organized to prepare the grant application, and after the grant was received, organized the necessary infrastructure. Represented on the committee are the Library Dean, the Electronic Resources Librarian, the University Webmaster, the Dean of the School of Community Economic Development, and both the head of the IT department and the IT programmer committed to the project. The committee hired the Digital Initiatives Librarian and a Digital Content Specialist, who both subsequently joined the committee. The Implementation Committee continues to meet on an as-needed basis to monitor the repository’s development.

While some members of the Policy Team are consistent with the Implementation Committee, the focus for this group is to determine policies for the repository and discuss other questions that might arise, whether they are related to file format, collection development, or metadata. Because of the nature of the team, there are more librarians represented: the Electronic Resources Librarian, Technical Services Librarian, and the Access Services Librarian are all part of the team, as well as the Digital Initiatives Librarian, Digital Content Specialist, and the Library Dean. Also on the team are the IT programmer and the Associate Dean of the Faculty. The associate dean’s participation is effective in keeping the university administration informed on the progress and policies of the repository. The Policy Team initially met every two weeks, and continues to meet at least once a month.

Download the entire chapter (PDF) or purchase online at Amazon.com.

References

Allinson, J. (2008). Describing scholarly works with Dublin Core: A functional approach. Library Trends 57(2), 221-243.

Atkins, A., Fox, E., France, R. & Suleman, H. (2008). ETD-MS: an interoperability metadata standard for electronic theses and dissertations, ver. 1.00, rev. 2. Retrieved from http://www. ndltd.org/standards/metadata/etd-ms-v1.00-rev2.html

Boock, M., & Kunda, S. (2009). Electronic thesis and dissertation metadata workflow at Oregon State University Libraries. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 47(3/4), 297-308. doi:10.1080/01639370902737323.

California Digital Library. (2008). CDL guidelines for digital images. Retrieved from http://www.cdlib.org/inside/diglib/guidelines/ bpgimages/reqs.html

CDP Digital Imaging Best Practices Working Group. (2008). BCR’s CDP digital imaging best practices version 2.0. BCR. Retrieved from http://bcr.org/dps/cdp/best/digital-imaging-bp.pdf

CDP Metadata Working Group. (2006). Dublin Core metadata best practices: version 2.1.1. BCR. Retrieved from http://www.bcr.org/dps/cdp/best/dublin-core-bp.pdf

Cornell University Library. (2007). Digital preservation management: Implementing short-term strategies for long-term problems. Retrieved from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/dpm/

DCMI Usage Board. (2008, January 14). DCMI Metadata terms. Retrieved from http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/

DuraSpace. (2009). DSpace. Retrieved from http://dspace.org

Horrigan, J. (2009). Home broadband adoption 2009. Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet. org/Reports/2009/10-Home-Broadband-Adoption-2009.aspx

Institute of Museum and Library Services. (2009). Search awarded grants. In Grant Search. Retrieved from http://imls.gov

Johnson, D. (2004). What is tagged PDF? In Accessible PDF Learning Center. Retrieved from http://www.planetpdf.com/ enterprise/ article.asp?ContentID=6067

Lowe, D. B. & Bennett, M. J. (2009). A status report on JPEG 2000 implementation for still images: The UConn survey. Archiving 2009, 6, 209-212.

Luhrs, E. (2009). NIS Camp: Developing interfaces and interactivity for DSpace with Manakin. Retrieved from http://nitlecamp.pbworks.com/f/manakin-workshop-slides.pdf

Mendelson, E. (2008). ABBYY FineReader Professional 9.0. PC Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.pcmag.com/article2/ 0,2817,2305621,00.asp

NITLE Information Services. (2009). Nitlecamp. Retrieved from http://nitlecamp.pbworks.com/

Nowicki, S. (2008). Using DSpace for institutional repositories. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10090/4522

Platt, A. (2009, Oct. 6). Two theme modification questions. Message and responses, archived at http://sourceforge.net/ mailarchive/forum.php?forum_name=dspace-tech

Reeves, R. and Bärfuss, H. (2009). PDF/A – A new standard for long-term archiving. PDF/A Competence Center. Retrieved from http://www.pdfa.org/doku.php? id=pdfa:en:pdfa_whitepaper

Rieger, O.Y. (2007). Select for success: Key principles in assessing repository models. D-Lib Magazine, 13(7/8). doi:10.1045/july2007-rieger

U.S. Census Bureau. (2009). Annual estimates of housing units for the United States and States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 (HU-EST2008-01). In Housing Units: State Housing Unit Estimates: 2000 to 2008. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/popest/housing/HU-EST2008.html

Managing Rights in a Medium-Scale Audio Digitization Project

The following chapter excerpt is from the second section of the book: "A Diverse Digital Landscape: Digital Collections in Public Libraries, Museums, Cultural Heritage Institutions, and Knowledge-Based Organizations."  Download the entire chapter (PDF) or purchase online at Amazon.com.

Authors

Barbara Taranto and Elizabeth Bradley (New York Public Library)

Abstract

In 2007 New York Public Library received a small grant to digitize a selection of audio recordings of public programs, including lectures, interviews, and panel discussions that took place at the Humanities and Social Sciences Library between 1983 and 2003. This chapter briefly discusses the scope of the project and the institutional reasons for the initiative. The chapter then discusses some of the significant challenges regarding Intellectual Property Rights, faced by the Library and the strategies it employed to deal with the issues. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the policies and procedures the Library has since put in place to manage audio rights.

The Genesis of the Project

New York Public Library has been engaged in digital projects since the mid 1990’s when it launched its first public website. In 1998 it published a compilation of digital “reprints” African American Women Writers of the 19thCentury (Webpage Dodson, 1998)  of out of print, and essentially unavailable 19th century materials from the holdings of the Schomburg Center For Research In Black Culture. By 2000 the Library had established a new unit, the Digital Library Program, to manage the creation and publication of digitized content from its collections.  Within the year an even larger project – the digitization of half a million pictorial items – NYPL Digital Gallery (see New York Public Library Digital Gallery, n.d.)  - was undertaken and by 2003 the Library was producing approximately 1250 new image files – complete with metadata - per week.

Public domain items were chosen for the first digitization efforts. This allowed the Library to leverage existing bibliographic records for metadata creation without additional research into intellectual property rights. It also allowed the Library to provide a new and exciting online  resource for the public.

As the program matured policies and best practices were developed, including how to manage the rare but occasional issue of Intellectual Property (IP). The metadata system was modified to record Intellectual Property rights and access permissions. Processes were established to redact items that were mistakenly digitized and/or published before IP permissions had been received, and new content was being created daily. At the same time the Library began experimenting with new formats such as geospatial data and media files. It also began to look closely at user needs and at new avenues for distribution such as mobile and cellular applications.

As patrons became more experienced web users and their home computing technology improved, user expectations for easy and quick access to rich content increased substantially. Public domain materials were no longer sufficient. Consequently in 2007, the Library decided to initiate a pilot project to determine what was involved in managing rights-encumbered collections in the digital environment. It requested and received a grant from the Metropolitan Library Association to digitize recordings of well-known public personalities and ultimately make them available to the public via the web under the title 24 Hours at NYPL.

The Scope of the Project

We wanted to test the waters for audio rights management at an institution with a mandate for accessible content delivered at no charge. There were three key goals: 1) discover the issues involved in rights encumbered audio; 2) determine best practices for resolving these issues; and 3) develop a workflow to manage collections with similar issues.  A small sample from a contemporary, but relatively high profile collection would be suitable for this purpose since the subjects involved were already rights-savvy performers. It was also decided that to the best of its ability, the Library would seek permission from these rights holders to make these materials freely available to the public without cumbersome access controls.

Download the entire chapter (PDF) or purchase online at Amazon.com.

References

ARALOC. (2010). Cross platform DRM. Retrived on May 2, 2010 from http://araloc.com/

Berkeley Digital Library. (2007). Copyright, intellectual property rights, and licensing issues. Retrived on May 2, 2010 from http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Copyright/

Discretix. (2010). Multi-Scheme DRM client. Retrived on May 2, 2010 from http://www.discretix.com/DRM/index.html?source= adwordsCusGdrm-phrase888manufacturers100215&gclid= CKqHsMKX3KACFdlw5QodcyfZBQ

New York Public Library Digital Gallery. (n.d.). Retrieved on May 2, 2010 from http://digitalgallery.nypl.org.

North Carolina ECHO. (n.d.). Digitization guidelines. Retrieved on May 2, 2010 from http://www.ncecho.org/dig/ guide_1planning.shtml

Premis. (2010). Preservation metadata maintenance activity. Retreived on May 8, 2010 from http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/

Stream Media. (2010). Streaming Media Hosting is your expert for DRM - Digital Rights Management solutions. Retrieved on May 2, 2010 from http://www.streamingmediahosting.com/drm.htm? gclid=CML0lpWX3KACFWV75QodEAyXDA

Washington State Library. (n.d.). Digital best practice. Retrieved on May 2, 2010 from http://digitalwa.statelib.wa.gov/newsite/ projectmgmt/vendors.htm

Webpage Dodson, Howard African American Women Writers of the 19th Century. (1998). Retrieved on May 2, 2010 from http://digital.nypl.org/schomburg/writers_aa19/intro.html

A Special Offer from our Printer...

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Lulu.com disclaimer: Use coupon code NEWREAD305 at checkout and receive 15% off Digitization in the Real World. Maximum savings with this promotion is $10. You can only use the code once per account, and you can't use this coupon in combination with other coupon codes. This great offer ends on September 15, 2010 at 11:59 PM so try not to procrastinate! While very unlikely we do reserve the right to change or revoke this offer at anytime, and of course we cannot offer this coupon where it is against the law to do so. Finally, Lulu incurs the cost of this discount, so it does not impact the Author's proceeds of the book.

DIY Digitization: Creating a Small-Scale Digital Zine Exhibit

The following chapter excerpt is from the first section of the book: "Small is Beautiful: Planning and Implementing Digitization Projects with Limited Resources." Download the entire chapter (PDF) or purchase online at Amazon.com.

Author

Melissa L. Jones (College Summit)

Abstract

The Barnard Library Zine Collection is an innovative special collection of dynamic popular culture artifacts. The zines in the collection provide a democratic and vibrant glimpse into the movements and trends in recent feminist thought through the personal work of artists, writers, and activists. The author finds that in order to improve access to and generate interest in such niche collections, institutions have a responsibility to overcome barriers to digitization and begin sharing their collections online. This chapter discusses the development of Barnard’s first zine digitization project: Elections and Protests: Zines from the Barnard Library Collection Online Exhibit, launched in the summer of 2008. The successful project demonstrates that it is possible to build effective and engaging small-scale digital collections using simple and inexpensive technologies.

Introduction

The Barnard College Library began collecting zines in 2003 in an effort to document third wave feminism and riot grrrl culture. Zines are self-published, usually inexpensively produced works by writers who subscribe to a Do It Yourself (DIY) philosophy. Generally, zines are created out of an interest to communicate or express ideas that might not otherwise find acceptance in the mainstream media. Although zines as we know them today were born from the punk movement of the early 1970s (Duncombe, 1997, p. 21), they are part of a long history of small-run and “amateur” publication.  Whether calling colonialists to arms in the days of the American Revolution or subverting censorship and challenges to free speech in Soviet Russia (Wright, 1997), alternative publications are a natural and important tool for preserving free speech.

Although zines are low rent ephemera, several public and academic libraries across the country have begun to recognize their value. At the forefront of the field, Barnard’s collection has nearly 2,500 holdings providing unmediated access to the voices of young women on such subjects as race, gender, sexuality, childbirth, motherhood and politics. Zine Librarian Jenna Freedman’s outreach and advocacy work helps to legitimize zines, not as radical historical footnotes but as valid literary and historic works worthy of collection, preservation and study.

As the Zine Intern in summer 2008, my role was to help Freedman to increase access to and interest in the Zine Collection. The result of my work was Barnard Library’s first digital collection, an online exhibit entitled, Elections and Protests: Zines from the Barnard Library Collection. This project employed a DIY approach to digitization, making use of materials and resources at hand to solve problems and overcome challenges rather than relying on mainstream or out-of-the-box technologies. This project demonstrates that small-scale digitization projects can be topical, useful and impactful for a variety of stakeholders.

Download the entire chapter (PDF) or purchase online at Amazon.com.

References

Astbury, K. (2006). French theatre of the first empire: Enhancing research-based learning. Warwick Interactions Journal 28. Retrieved from http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/cap/ resources/pubs/interactions/archive/issue28/abastbury/astbury

Belden, D. (2008). Harnessing social networks to connect with audiences: If you build it, will they come 2.0? Internet Reference Services Quarterly, 13(1), 99-111.

Bos, B. (2010). Cascading style sheets. W3C Consortium. Retrieved from: http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/

Congdon, K. G., & Blandy, D. (2003). Zinesters in the classroom: Using zines to teach about postmodernism and the communication of ideas. Art Education. 56(3), 44-52.

Daly, B. O. (2005). Taking whiteness personally: Learning to teach testimonial reading and writing in the college literature classroom. Pedagogy, 5(2), 213-246.

Dempsey, L. (2006). Libraries and the long tail: Some thoughts about libraries in a network age. D-Lib Magazine, 12(4). doi:10.1045/april2006-dempsey

Dodge, C. (2008). Collecting the wretched refuse: Lifting a lamp to zines, military newspapers and Wisconsonalia. Library Trends, 56(3), 667-677.

Duncombe, S. (1997) Notes from underground: Zines and the politics of alternative culture. New York : Verso.

Jones, M. (2008). Elections and protest: Zines from the Barnard Library collection. Barnard Library Website. Retrieved from http://www.barnard.edu/library/zines/exhibits/online/elections/index.html

Lesk, M. (2007). From data to wisdom: Humanities research and online content. Academic Commons.www.academiccommons.org/commons/essay/michael-lesk

Liu, S. (2008). Engaging users: The future of academic library web sites. College & Research Libraries, 69(1), 6-27

Retrieved from http:// Myers, B. (1998). A brief history of human computer interaction technology. ACM interactions, 5(2), 44-54. Retrieved from: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~amulet/papers/uihistory.tr.HTML

Söderberg, J. (2002). Copyleft vs. copyright: A Marxist critique. First Monday, 7(3). Retrieved from: http://ojphi.org/htbin/ cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/938/860

Wan, A. J. (1999). Not just for kids anymore: Using zines in the classroom. Radical Teacher, 55, 15-19.

Wooten, K. (2009). Why we’re not digitizing zines. Duke University Libraries Digital Connections Blog. Retrieved from http://library.duke.edu/blogs/digital-collections/2009/09/21/why-were-not-digitizing-zines/

Wright, F. (1997) The history and characteristics of zines. The Zine & E-Zine Resource Guide. Retrieved from http://www.zinebook.com/resource/wright1.HTML

What We've Learned...

Welcome to the site for Digitization in the Real World: Lessons Learned from Small to Medium-Sized Digitization Projects, a new book published by the Metropolitan New York Library Council. We'll be posting excerpts from each of the 34 case studies here with links to download a PDF of each chapter for free. If you like what you read here, please consider purchasing a print or electronic version of the entire book here.